RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Effect of Delta and Omicron mutations on the RBD-SD1 domain of the Spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 and the Omicron mutations on RBD-ACE2 interface complex
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 2022.07.28.501901
DO 10.1101/2022.07.28.501901
A1 Wai-Yim Ching
A1 Puja Adhikari
A1 Bahaa Jawad
A1 Rudolf Podgornik
YR 2022
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2022/07/28/2022.07.28.501901.abstract
AB The receptor-binding domain (RBD) is the essential part in the Spike-protein (S-protein) of SARS-CoV-2 virus that directly binds to the human ACE2 receptor, making it a key target for many vaccines and therapies. Therefore, any mutations at this domain could affect the efficacy of these treatments as well as the viral-cell entry mechanism. We introduce ab initio DFT-based computational study that mainly focuses on two parts: (1) Mutations effects of both Delta and Omicron variants in the RBD-SD1 domain. (2) Impact of Omicron RBD mutations on the structure and properties of the RBD-ACE2 interface system. The in-depth analysis is based on the novel concept of amino acid-amino acid bond pair units (AABPU) that reveal the differences between the Delta and/or Omicron mutations and its corresponding wild-type strain in terms of the role played by non-local amino acid interactions, their 3D shapes and sizes, as well as contribution to hydrogen bonding and partial charge distributions. Our results also show that the interaction of Omicron RBD with ACE2 significantly increased its bonding between amino acids at the interface providing information on the implications of penetration of S-protein into ACE2, and thus offering a possible explanation for its high infectivity. Our findings enable us to present in more conspicuous atomic level detail the effect of specific mutations that may help in predicting and/or mitigating the next variant of concern.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.