RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Metabolomic and proteomic analyses of a quiescent Escherichia coli cell factory reveal the mechanisms behind its production efficiency JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 082305 DO 10.1101/082305 A1 Nicholas M. Thomson A1 Tomokazu Shirai A1 Marco Chiapello A1 Akihiko Kondo A1 Krishnan J. Mukherjee A1 Easan Sivaniah A1 David K. Summers A1 Keiji Numata YR 2016 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/20/082305.abstract AB Quiescent (Q-Cell) Escherichia coli cultures can be created by using the signalling molecule indole to halt cell division of an hns mutant strain. This uncouples metabolism from cell growth and allows for more efficient use of carbon feedstocks. However, the reason for the increased productivity of cells in this state was previously unknown. We show here that Q-cells can maintain metabolic activity in the absence of growth for up to 24 h, leading to four times greater per-cell productivity of a model metabolite, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), than a control. Metabolomic data show that by disrupting the proton-motive force, indole interrupts the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to the accumulation of metabolites in the glycolysis pathway that are excellent starting points for high-value chemical production. By comparing protein expression patterns between wild-type and Q-cell cultures we show that Q-cells overexpress stress response proteins, which prime them to tolerate the metabolic imbalances incurred through indole addition. Quiescent cultures produced half the cell biomass of control cultures lacking indole, but were still able to produce 39.4 g.L-1 of 3HB compared to 18.6 g.L-1 in the control. Therefore, Q-cells have high potential as a platform technology for the efficient production of a wide range of commodity and high value chemicals.