RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Detecting large-scale networks in the human brain using high-density electroencephalography JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 077107 DO 10.1101/077107 A1 Quanying Liu A1 Seyedehrezvan Farahibozorg A1 Camillo Porcaro A1 Nicole Wenderoth A1 Dante Mantini YR 2016 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/09/23/077107.abstract AB High-density electroencephalography (hdEEG) is an emerging brain imaging technique that can permit investigating fast dynamics of cortical electrical activity in the healthy and the diseased human brain. Its applications are however currently limited by a number of methodological issues, among which the difficulty in obtaining accurate source localizations. In particular, these issues have so far prevented EEG studies from showing brain networks similar to those previously detected by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Here, we report for the first time a robust detection of brain networks from resting state (256-channel) hdEEG recordings, with a spatial accuracy comparable to fMRI networks. This result was achieved by setting up a tailored analysis pipeline including state-of-the-art tools for data preprocessing, realistic head model generation, source localization and functional connectivity analysis. Specifically, we obtained the highest similarity between hdEEG and fMRI networks by means of realistic 12-layer head models and eLORETA source localization, together with spatial ICA for functional connectivity analysis. Spatial ICA overcomes the spatial leakage problem by identifying patterns of coherent power fluctuations that are spatially independent over time. Our analyses showed that the number of electrodes in particular, but also the accuracy of the head model and the source localization method used have impact on network reconstruction. We believe that our methodological work can contribute to rise of hdEEG as a powerful tool for brain research.