PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Jia-Xing Yue AU - Jing Li AU - Louise Aigrain AU - Johan Hallin AU - Karl Persson AU - Karen Oliver AU - Anders Bergström AU - Paul Coupland AU - Jonas Warringer AU - Marco Consentino Lagomarsino AU - Gilles Fischer AU - Richard Durbin AU - Gianni Liti TI - Contrasting genome dynamics between domesticated and wild yeasts AID - 10.1101/076562 DP - 2016 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 076562 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/09/22/076562.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/09/22/076562.full AB - Structural rearrangements have long been recognized as an important source of genetic variation with implications in phenotypic diversity and disease, yet their evolutionary dynamics are difficult to characterize with short-read sequencing. Here, we report long-read sequencing for 12 strains representing major subpopulations of the partially domesticated yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its wild relative Saccharomyces paradoxus. Complete genome assemblies and annotations generate population-level reference genomes and allow for the first explicit definition of chromosome partitioning into cores, subtelomeres and chromosome-ends. High-resolution view of structural dynamics uncovers that, in chromosomal cores, S. paradoxus exhibits higher accumulation rate of balanced structural rearrangements (inversions, translocations and transpositions) whereas S. cerevisiae accumulates unbalanced rearrangements (large insertions, deletions and duplications) more rapidly. In subtelomeres, recurrent interchromosomal reshuffling was found in both species, with higher rate in S. cerevisiae. Such striking contrasts between wild and domesticated yeasts reveal the influence of human activities on structural genome evolution.Impact statement The striking contrasts of structural genome dynamics between domesticated and wild yeasts reveal the influence of human activities on genome evolution.