RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Shared genetics and couple-associated environment are major contributors to the risk of both clinical and self-declared depression
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 076398
DO 10.1101/076398
A1 Yanni Zeng
A1 Pau Navarro
A1 Charley Xia
A1 Carmen Amador
A1 Ana M. Fernandez-Pujals
A1 Pippa A. Thomson
A1 Archie Campbell
A1 Reka Nagy
A1 Toni-Kim Clarke
A1 Jonathan D. Hafferty
A1 Blair H. Smith
A1 Lynne J. Hocking
A1 Sandosh Padmanabhan
A1 Caroline Hayward
A1 Donald J. MacIntyre
A1 David J Porteous
A1 Chris S. Haley
A1 Andrew M. McIntosh
YR 2016
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/09/21/076398.abstract
AB Background Both genetic and environmental contributions to risk of depression have been identified, but estimates of their effects are limited. Commonalities between major depressive disorder (MDD) and self-declared depression (SDD) are also unclear. Dissecting the genetic and environmental contributions to these traits and their correlation would inform the design and interpretation of genetic studies.Methods Using data from a large Scottish family-based cohort (GS:SFHS, N=21,387), we estimated the genetic and environmental contributions to MDD and SDD. Genetic effects associated with common genome-wide genetic variants (SNP heritability) and additional pedigree-associated genetic variation and Non-genetic effects associated with common environments were estimated using linear mixed modeling (LMM).Findings Both MDD and SDD had significant contributions from effects of common genetic variants, the additional genetic effect of the pedigree and the common environmental effect shared by couples. The correlation between SDD and MDD was high (r=1⋅00, se=0⋅21) for common-variant-associated genetic effects and moderate for both the additional genetic effect of the pedigree (r=0⋅58, se=0⋅08) and the couple-shared environmental effect (r=0⋅53, se=0⋅22).Interpretation Both genetics and couple-shared environmental effects were the major factors influencing liability to depression. SDD may provide a scalable alternative to MDD in studies seeking to identify common risk variants. Rarer variants and environmental effects may however differ substantially according to different definitions of depression.Funding Study supported by Wellcome Trust Strategic Award 104036/Z/14/Z. GS:SFHS funded by the Scottish Government Health Department, Chief Scientist Office, number CZD/16/6.