@article {Zenzal008029, author = {Theodore J. Zenzal, Jr. and Robert H. Diehl and Frank R. Moore}, title = {The impact of radio-tags on Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris)}, elocation-id = {008029}, year = {2014}, doi = {10.1101/008029}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, abstract = {Radio telemetry has advanced the field of wildlife biology, especially with the miniaturization of radio-tags. However, the major limitation faced with radio-tagging birds is the size of the animal to which a radio-tag can be attached. We tested how miniature radio-tags affected flight performance and behavior of Ruby-throated Hummingbirds (Archilochus colubris), possibly the smallest bird species to be fitted with radio-tags. Using eyelash adhesive, we fitted hatch year individuals (n=20 males and 15 females) with faux radio-tags of three sizes varying in mass and antenna length (220mg-12.7cm, 240mg-12.7cm, and 220mg-6.35cm), then filmed the birds in a field aviary to quantify activity budgets. We also estimated flight range using flight simulation models. When the three radio-tag packages were pooled for analysis, the presence of a radio-tag significantly decreased both flight time (-8\%) and modeled flight range (-23\%) when compared to control birds. However, a multiple comparison analysis between the different packages revealed that there was a significant difference in flight time when the larger radio-tag package (240mg) was attached and no significant difference in flight time when the lighter radio-tag packages (220mg) were attached. Our results are similar to other studies which analyzed the flight time or flight range of birds wearing radio-tags. Therefore, currently available light weight radio-tags (<=220mg) may be a new option to aid in the study of hummingbird biology. Future study should focus upon the additional drag created by the radio-tag and the effects of the lightest radio-tag packages on free ranging birds. These studies would provide additional information to determine the feasibility on the use of radio-tags to study hummingbird biology.}, URL = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2014/08/14/008029}, eprint = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2014/08/14/008029.full.pdf}, journal = {bioRxiv} }