RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Phylogenomic analyses of deep gastropod relationships reject Orthogastropoda JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 007039 DO 10.1101/007039 A1 Felipe Zapata A1 Nerida G. Wilson A1 Mark Howison A1 Sónia C.S. Andrade A1 Katharina M. Jörger A1 Michael Schrödl A1 Freya E. Goetz A1 Gonzalo Giribet A1 Casey W. Dunn YR 2014 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2014/07/11/007039.abstract AB Gastropods are a highly diverse clade of molluscs that includes many familiar animals, such as limpets, snails, slugs, and sea slugs. It is one of the most abundant groups of animals in the sea and the only molluscan lineage that has successfully colonised land. Yet the relationships among and within its constituent clades have remained in flux for over a century of morphological, anatomical and molecular study. Here we re-evaluate gastropod phylogenetic relationships by collecting new transcriptome data for 40 species and analysing them in combination with publicly available genomes and transcriptomes. Our datasets include all five main gastropod clades: Patellogastropoda, Vetigastropoda, Neritimorpha, Caenogastropoda and Heterobranchia. We use two different methods to assign orthology, subsample each of these matrices into three increasingly dense subsets, and analyse all six of these supermatrices with two different models of molecular evolution. All twelve analyses yield the same unrooted network connecting the five major gastropod lineages. This reduces deep gastropod phylogeny to three alternative rooting hypotheses. These results reject the prevalent hypothesis of gastropod phylogeny, Orthogastropoda. Our dated tree is congruent with a possible end-Permian recovery of some gastropod clades, namely Caenogastropoda and some Heterobranchia subclades.