RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 The genetic structure of the world’s first farmers
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 059311
DO 10.1101/059311
A1 Iosif Lazaridis
A1 Dani Nadel
A1 Gary Rollefson
A1 Deborah C. Merrett
A1 Nadin Rohland
A1 Swapan Mallick
A1 Daniel Fernandes
A1 Mario Novak
A1 Beatriz Gamarra
A1 Kendra Sirak
A1 Sarah Connell
A1 Kristin Stewardson
A1 Eadaoin Harney
A1 Qiaomei Fu
A1 Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes
A1 Songül Alpaslan Roodenberg
A1 György Lengyel
A1 Fanny Bocquentin
A1 Boris Gasparian
A1 Janet M. Monge
A1 Michael Gregg
A1 Vered Eshed
A1 Ahuva-Sivan Mizrahi
A1 Christopher Meiklejohn
A1 Fokke Gerritsen
A1 Luminita Bejenaru
A1 Matthias Blueher
A1 Archie Campbell
A1 Gianpero Cavalleri
A1 David Comas
A1 Philippe Froguel
A1 Edmund Gilbert
A1 Shona M. Kerr
A1 Peter Kovacs
A1 Johannes Krause
A1 Darren McGettigan
A1 Michael Merrigan
A1 D. Andrew Merriwether
A1 Seamus O’Reilly
A1 Martin B. Richards
A1 Ornella Semino
A1 Michel Shamoon-Pour
A1 Gheorghe Stefanescu
A1 Michael Stumvoll
A1 Anke Tönjes
A1 Antonio Torroni
A1 James F. Wilson
A1 Loic Yengo
A1 Nelli A. Hovhannisyan
A1 Nick Patterson
A1 Ron Pinhasi
A1 David Reich
YR 2016
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/06/16/059311.abstract
AB We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ~12,000-1,400 BCE, from Natufian hunter-gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a ‘Basal Eurasian’ lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages prior to their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter-gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter-gatherers of Europe to drastically reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those from Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia.