@article {Abudayyeh054742, author = {Omar O. Abudayyeh and Jonathan S. Gootenberg and Silvana Konermann and Julia Joung and Ian M. Slaymaker and David B.T. Cox and Sergey Shmakov and Kira S. Makarova and Ekaterina Semenova and Leonid Minakhin and Konstantin Severinov and Aviv Regev and Eric S. Lander and Eugene V. Koonin and Feng Zhang}, title = {C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector}, elocation-id = {054742}, year = {2016}, doi = {10.1101/054742}, publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory}, abstract = {The CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system defends microbes against foreign genetic elements via DNA or RNA-DNA interference. We characterize the Class 2 type VI-A CRISPR-Caseffector C2c2 and demonstrate its RNA-guided RNase function. C2c2 from the bacterium Leptotrichia shahii provides interference against RNA phage.In vitro biochemical analysis show that C2c2 is guided by a single crRNA and can be programmed to cleave ssRNA targets carrying complementary protospacers. In bacteria, C2c2 can be programmed to knock down specific mRNAs. Cleavage is mediated by catalytic residues in the two conserved HEPN domains, mutations in which generate catalytically inactive RNA-binding proteins. These results broaden our understanding of CRISPR-Cas systems and suggest that C2c2 can be used to develop new RNA-targeting tools.}, URL = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/05/21/054742}, eprint = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/05/21/054742.full.pdf}, journal = {bioRxiv} }