PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Krzysztof Bartoszek TI - Phylogenetic effective sample size AID - 10.1101/023242 DP - 2016 Jan 01 TA - bioRxiv PG - 023242 4099 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/05/11/023242.short 4100 - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/05/11/023242.full AB - In this paper I address the question — how large is a phylogenetic sample? I propose a definition of a phylogenetic effective sample size for Brownian motion and Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes — the regression effective sample size. I discuss how mutual information can be used to define an effective sample size in the non-normal process case and compare these two definitions to an already present concept of effective sample size (the mean effective sample size). Through a simulation study I find that the AICc is robust if one corrects for the number of species or effective number of species. Lastly I discuss how the concept of the phylogenetic effective sample size can be useful for biodiversity quantification, identification of interesting clades and deciding on the importance of phylogenetic correlations.