TY - JOUR T1 - Time-resolved dual RNA-Seq reveals extensive rewiring of lung epithelial and pneumococcal transcriptomes during early infection JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/048959 SP - 048959 AU - Rieza Aprianto AU - Jelle Slager AU - Siger Holsappel AU - Jan-Willem Veening Y1 - 2016/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/04/22/048959.abstract N2 - Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the main etiological agent of pneumonia. Pneumococcal pneumonia is initiated by bacterial adherence to lung epithelial cells. Infection to the epithelium is a disruptive interspecies interaction involving numerous transcription-mediated processes. Revealing transcriptional changes may provide valuable insights into pneumococcal disease. Dual RNA-Seq allows simultaneous monitoring of the transcriptomes of both host and pathogen. Here, we developed a time-resolved infection model of human lung alveolar epithelial cells by S. pneumoniae and assessed transcriptome changes by dual RNA-Seq. Our data provide new insights into host-microbe interactions and show that the epithelial glutathione-detoxification pathway is activated by bacterial presence. We observed that adherent pneumococci, not free-floating bacteria, access host-associated carbohydrates and repress innate immune responses. In conclusion, we provide a dynamic dual-transcriptomics overview of early pneumococcal infection with easy online access (http://dualrnaseq.molgenrug.nl). Further database exploration may expand our understanding of epithelial-pneumococcal interaction, leading to novel antimicrobial strategies. ER -