TY - JOUR T1 - Local Connectome Fingerprinting Reveals the Uniqueness of Individual White Matter Architecture JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/043778 SP - 043778 AU - Fang-Cheng Yeh AU - Jean M. Vettel AU - Aarti Singh AU - Barnabas Poczos AU - Scott Grafton AU - Kirk I. Erickson AU - Wen-Yih I. Tseng AU - Timothy D. Verstynen Y1 - 2016/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/03/15/043778.abstract N2 - It is generally assumed that the uniqueness of individual identity is reflected in the connective architecture of the human brain. Here we introduce local connectome fingerprinting, a noninvasive method that uses diffusion MRI to characterize white matter bundles as “fingerprints”. Using four independently acquired datasets (total n=213), we show that the local connectome fingerprint is highly specific to an individual, achieving 100% accuracy across 17,398 identification tests with an estimated classification error at 10−6. This uniqueness profile is higher than fingerprints derived from local fractional anisotropy or region-to-region connectivity patterns. We further illustrate that local connectome fingerprinting allows for quantifying similarity between genetically-associated individuals, e.g., monozygotic twins (12% connectomic similarity), and neuroplasticity with time, e.g., fingerprint uniqueness decreases 0.02% per day. This approach opens a new door for probing the influence of pathological, genetic, social, or environmental factors on the unique configuration of the human connectome. ER -