TY - JOUR T1 - Latitude delineates patterns of biogeography in terrestrial <em>Streptomyces</em> JF - bioRxiv DO - 10.1101/032169 SP - 032169 AU - Mallory J Choudoir AU - James R Doroghazi AU - Daniel H Buckley Y1 - 2016/01/01 UR - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/03/01/032169.abstract N2 - We examined the biogeography of Streptomyces at regional spatial scales to identify factors that govern patterns of microbial diversity within the genus. Streptomyces are spore forming filamentous bacteria which are widespread in soil and a major source of antibiotics. We applied population genetic approaches to analyze geographic and genetic population structure in six phylogroups of Streptomyces identified from a geographically explicit culture collection. Streptomyces strains were isolated from soils associated with perennial grass habitats sampled across a spatial scale of more than 6,000 km. We observed that Streptomyces population structure varies at regional spatial scales and that allelic diversity correlates with geographic distance. In addition, patterns of allelic diversity and gene flow are defined by latitude. Finally, we found that nucleotide diversity within phylogroups is negatively correlated with latitude. These results indicate that phylogroup diversification is constrained by dispersal limitation at regional spatial scales. We hypothesize that historical demographic processes have influenced the contemporary biogeography of Streptomyces. ER -