RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Multi-dimensional structure function relationships in human β-cardiac myosin from population scale genetic variation JF bioRxiv FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory SP 039321 DO 10.1101/039321 A1 Julian R. Homburger A1 Eric M. Green A1 Colleen Caleshu A1 Margaret Sunitha A1 Rebecca Taylor A1 Kathleen M. Ruppel A1 Raghu Metpally A1 SHaRe Investigators A1 Steven D. Colan A1 Michelle Michels A1 Sharlene Day A1 Iacopo Olivotto A1 Carlos D. Bustamante A1 Frederick Dewey A1 Carolyn Y. Ho A1 James A. Spudich A1 Euan A. Ashley YR 2016 UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/02/09/039321.abstract AB Myosin motors are the fundamental force-generating element of muscle contraction. Variation in the human β-cardiac myosin gene (MYH7) can lead to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a heritable disease characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. How specific myosin variants alter motor function or clinical expression of disease remains incompletely understood. Here, we combine structural models of myosin from multiple stages of its chemomechanical cycle, exome sequencing data from population cohorts of 60,706 and 42,930 individuals, and genetic and phenotypic data from 2,913 HCM patients to elucidate novel structure-function relationships within β-cardiac myosin. We first developed computational models of the human β-cardiac myosin protein before and after the myosin power stroke. Then, using a spatial scan statistic modified to analyze genetic variation in protein three-dimensional space, we found significant enrichment of disease-associated variants in the converter, a kinetic domain that transduces force from the catalytic domain to the lever arm to accomplish the power stroke. Focusing our analysis on surface-exposed residues, we identified another region enriched for disease-associated variants that contains both the converter domain and residues on a single flat surface on the myosin head described as a myosin mesa. This surface is prominent in the pre-stroke model, but substantially reduced in size following the power stroke. Notably, HCM patients with variants in the enriched regions have earlier presentation and worse outcome than those with variants in other regions. In summary, this study provides a model for the combination of protein structure, large-scale genetic sequencing and detailed phenotypic data to reveal insight into time-shifted protein structures and genetic disease.