RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Compaction and segregation of sister chromatids via active loop extrusion
JF bioRxiv
FD Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
SP 038281
DO 10.1101/038281
A1 Anton Goloborodko
A1 Maksim V. Imakaev
A1 John F. Marko
A1 Leonid Mirny
YR 2016
UL http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/01/30/038281.abstract
AB The mechanism by which chromatids and chromosomes are segregated during mitosis and meiosis is a major puzzle of biology and biophysics. Using polymer simulations of chromosome dynamics, we show that a single mechanism of loop extrusion by condensins can robustly compact, segregate and disentangle chromosomes, arriving at individualized chromatids with morphology observed in vivo. Our model resolves the paradox of topological simplification concomitant with chromosome “condensation”, and explains how enzymes a few nanometers in size are able to control chromosome geometry and topology at micron length scales. We suggest that loop extrusion is a universal mechanism of genome folding that mediates functional interactions during interphase and compacts chromosomes during mitosis.