PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Remi Matthey-Doret
AU  - Michael C. Whitlock
TI  - Background selection and the statistics of population differentiation: consequences for detecting local adaptation
AID  - 10.1101/326256
DP  - 2018 Jan 01
TA  - bioRxiv
PG  - 326256
4099  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/05/24/326256.short
4100  - http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2018/05/24/326256.full
AB  - Background selection is a process whereby recurrent deleterious mutations cause a decrease in the effective population size and genetic diversity at linked loci. Several authors have suggested that variation in the intensity of background selection could cause variation in FST across the genome, which could confound signals of local adaptation in genome scans. We performed realistic simulations of DNA sequences, using parameter estimates from humans and sticklebacks, to investigate how variation in the intensity of background selection affects different statistics of population differentiation. We show that, in populations connected by gene flow, Weir & Cockerham’s (1984) estimator of FST is largely insensitive to locus-to-locus variation in the intensity of background selection. Unlike FST, however, dXY is negatively correlated with background selection. We also show that background selection does not greatly affect the false positive rate in FST outlier studies. Overall, our study indicates that background selection will not greatly interfere with finding the variants responsible for local adaptation.