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- April 13, 2017.
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- Gemma C Sharp1,2,3,*†,
- Lucas A Salas4,5,6†,
- Claire Monnereau7,8,9†,
- Catherine Allard10†,
- Paul Yousefi11†,
- Todd M Everson12†,
- Jon Bohlin13,
- Zongli Xu14,
- Rae-Chi Huang15,
- Sarah E Reese16,
- Cheng-Jian Xu17,18,
- Nour Baïz19,
- Cathrine Hoyo20,21,
- Golareh Agha22,
- Ritu Roy23,24,25,
- John W Holloway26,
- Akram Ghantous27,
- Simon Kebede Merid28,
- Kelly M Bakulski29,
- Leanne K Küpers1,2,30,
- Hongmei Zhang31,
- Rebecca C Richmond1,2,
- Christian M Page32,
- Liesbeth Duijts7,9,
- Rolv T Lie33,34,
- Phillip E Melton35,36,
- Judith M Vonk37,
- Ellen A Nohr38,
- CharLynda Williams-DeVane39,
- Karen Huen11,
- Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman40,
- Carlos Ruiz-Arenas4,6,41,
- Semira Gonseth42,43,
- Faisal I Rezwan26,
- Zdenko Herceg27,
- Sandra Ekström28,
- Lisa Croen44,
- Fahimeh Falahi30,
- Patrice Perron10,45,
- Margaret R Karagas46,47,
- Bilal Mohammed Quraishi31,
- Matthew Suderman1,2,
- Maria C Magnus1,2,32,
- Vincent WV Jaddoe7,8,9,
- Jack A Taylor14,48,
- Denise Anderson15,
- Shanshan Zhao16,
- Henriette A Smit49,
- Michele J Josey39,50,
- Asa Bradman11,
- Andrea A Baccarelli22,
- Mariona Bustamante4,6,51,
- Siri E Håberg52,
- Göran Pershagen28,53,
- Irva Hertz-Picciotto54,
- Craig Newschaffer55,
- Eva Corpeleijn30,
- Luigi Bouchard56,57,
- Debbie A Lawlor1,2,
- Rachel L Maguire20,58,
- Lisa F Barcellos11,
- George Davey Smith1,2,
- Brenda Eskenazi11,
- Wilfried Karmaus30,
- Carmen J Marsit12,
- Marie-France Hivert40,45,59,
- Harold Sniede30,
- M Daniele Fallin60,
- Erik Melén28,53,61,
- Monica C Munthe-Kaas62,63,
- Hasan Arshad64,65,66,
- Joseph L Wiemels42,
- Isabella Annesi-Maesano19,
- Martine Vrijheid4,6,41,
- Emily Oken40,
- Nina Holland11,
- Susan K Murphy67,
- Thorkild IA Sørensen1,68,69,
- Gerard H Koppelman70,
- John P Newnham71,
- Allen J Wilcox14,
- Wenche Nystad32,
- Stephanie J London16‡,
- Janine F Felix7,8,9‡ and
- Caroline L Relton1,2‡
- 1MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- 2School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- 3School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- 4ISGIobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- 5Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- 6Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- 7The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- 8Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- 9Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- 10Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- 11Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley
- 12Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- 13Department of infection epidemiology and modeling, Norwegian institute of public health, Oslo, Norway
- 14Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- 15Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia
- 16National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- 17University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
- 18University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- 19Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department (EPAR), Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health, Saint-Antoine Medical School, Paris, France
- 20Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University
- 21Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University
- 22Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- 23University of California San Francisco
- 24HDF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco
- 25Computational Biology Core
- 26Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
- 27Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- 28Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- 29Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan
- 30Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- 31Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Memphis Memphis, TN, USA
- 32Department of non-communicable disease, Norwegian institute of public health, Oslo, Norway
- 33Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway
- 34Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- 35The Curtin UWA Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University ealth Sciences, Curtin University and Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- 36Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- 37University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, GRIAC Research Institute Groningen, the Netherlands
- 38Research Unit for Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, DK
- 39Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University
- 40Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, USA
- 41CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- 42Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco
- 43School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley
- 44Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California
- 45Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- 46Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- 47Children’s Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- 48Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- 49Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
- 50Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, University of South Carolina (Columbia)
- 51Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- 52Domain of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- 53Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
- 54Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis
- 55AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University
- 56Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- 57ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
- 58Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- 59Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- 60Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University
- 61Sachs’ Children’s Hospital, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- 62Department of pediatric and adolescent medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
- 63Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo Norway
- 64Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- 65NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- 66The David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, Isle of Wight, UK
- 67Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
- 68Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 69Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 70University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Paediatric Allergy, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, the Netherlands
- 71School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia
- ↵*Corresponding author: Gemma C Sharp, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Barley House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, United Kingdom, BS8 2BN, gemma.sharp{at}bristol.ac.uk