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- December 23, 2015.
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- Shane McCarthy1*,
- Sayantan Das2*,
- Warren Kretzschmar3*,
- Olivier Delaneau4,
- Andrew R. Wood16,
- Hyun Min Kang2,
- Christian Fuchsberger2,
- Petr Danecek30,
- Kevin Sharp58,
- Yang Luo1,
- Carlo Sidore5,
- Alan Kwong2,
- Nicholas Timpson6,
- Seppo Koskinen7,
- Scott Vrieze8,9,
- Laura Scott2,
- He Zhang10,
- Anubha Mahajan3,
- Jan Veldink11,
- Ulrike Peters12,13,
- Carlos Pato14,
- Cornelia M. van Duijn15,
- Christopher E. Gillies17,
- Ilaria Gandin18,
- Massimo Mezzavilla19,
- Arthur Gilly1,
- Massimiliano Cocca20,
- Michela Traglia20,
- Andrea Angius4,
- Dorret I. Boomsma21,
- Kari Branham22,
- Chad Brummet23,
- Fabio Busonero5,
- Harry Campbell24,
- Andrew Chan25,26,
- Sai Chen2,27,
- Emily Chew28,
- Francis S. Collins29,
- George Davey Smith6,
- George Dedoussis31,
- Aliki-Eleni Farmaki31,
- Luigi Ferrucci32,
- Lukas Forer33,
- Ross M. Fraser24,
- Stacey Gabriel34,
- Shawn Levy35,
- Leif Groop36,37,38,
- Tabitha Harrison12,
- Andrew Hattersley39,
- Oddgeir L. Holmen40,
- Kristian Hveem40,
- Matthias Kretzler27,41,
- James Lee42,43,
- Matt McGue44,
- Thomas Meitinger45,46,
- David Melzer47,
- Josine Min6,
- Karen L. Mohlke48,
- John Vincent49,50,
- Gerome Breen51,
- Deborah Nickerson52,
- Aarno Palotie34,52,53,
- Michele Pato14,
- Nicola Pirastu18,
- Melvin McInnis54,
- Brent Richards55,
- Cinzia Sala20,
- Veikko Salomaa7,
- David Schlessinger56,
- Sebastian Schoenheer33,
- P Eline Slagboom59,
- Kerrin Small59,
- Timothy Spector60,
- Dwight Stambolian61,
- Marcus Tuke16,
- Jaakko Tuomilehto63,64,65,65,66,
- Leonard Van den Berg11,
- Wouter Van Rheenen11,
- Cisca Wijmenga85,
- Daniela Toniolo20,
- Eleftheria Zeggini1,
- Paolo Gasparini18,67,
- Matthew G. Sampson17,
- James F. Wilson24,68,
- Timothy Frayling16,
- Paul de Bakker69,70,
- Morris A. Swertz71,72,
- Steven McCarroll73,74,
- Charles Kooperberg12,
- Annelot Dekker11,
- David Altshuler75,76,77,78,79,80,
- Cristen Willer10,27,
- William Iacono44,
- Samuli Ripatti83,
- Nicole Soranzo1,
- Klaudia Walter1,
- Anand Swaroop84,
- Francesco Cucca5,
- Carl Anderson1,
- Michael Boehnke2,
- Mark I. McCarthy3,81,82,
- Richard Durbin1**,
- Goncalo Abecasis2** and
- Jonathan Marchini58,3**
- 1Human Genetics, Human Genetics, Hinxton, UK.
- 2Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- 3Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
- 4Genetics and Development, Genetics and Development, Geneva, Switzerland.
- 5IRGB, IRGB, Sardinia, Italy.
- 6MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield Grove, UK.
- 7THL, Finland.
- 8Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
- 9Department of Psychology and Neurosurgery, Department of Psychology and Neurosurgery, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- 10Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- 11Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- 12Public Health Sciences Division, Public Health Sciences Division, Seattle, Washington, USA.
- 13Department of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, Seattle, Washington, USA.
- 14Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
- 15Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, ErasmusMC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
- 16Genetics of Complex Traits, Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
- 17Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics-Nephrology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- 18DSM, DSM, Trieste, Italy.
- 19Genetica Medica, Genetica Medica, Trieste, Italy.
- 20Genetics and Cell Biology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Milano, Italy.
- 21Department of Biological Psychology, Department of Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- 22Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- 23Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- 24The Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK.
- 25Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- 26Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- 27Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Departments of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- 28Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
- 29Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
- 30Vertebrate Resequencing Informatics, Vertebrate Resequencing Informatics, Oxford, UK.
- 31Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
- 32Longitudinal Studies Section, Longitudinal Studies Section, Gerontology Research Centre, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
- 33Center for Biomedicine, Center for Biomedicine, Bolzano, Italy.
- 34Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- 35Genomics, Genomics, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.
- 36Department of Clinical Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Lund, Malmo, Sweden.
- 37Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
- 38Research Programs Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- 39Department of Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Department of Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Exeter, UK.
- 40Hunt Research Centre, Hunt Research Centre, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway.
- 41Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- 42Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK.
- 43Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
- 44Department of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
- 45Institute of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- 46Institute of Human Genetics, Institute of Human Genetics, Munich, Germany.
- 47Epidemiology and Public Health, Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
- 48Department of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
- 49Molecular Neuropsychiatry and Development Laboratory, Molecular Neuropsychiatry and Development Laboratory, Toronto, Canada.
- 50Institute of Medical Science, Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Canada.
- 51MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK.
- 52Genome Sciences, Genome Sciences, Seattle, Washington, USA.
- 53Institute for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
- 54Department of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- 55Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts, USA.
- 56Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, Montreal, Canada.
- 57National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
- 58Department of Statistics, Department of Statistics, Oxford, UK.
- 59Molecular Epidemiology Section, Molecular Epidemiology Section, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- 60The Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, The Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, London, UK.
- 61Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
- 62Genetics of Complex Traits, Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
- 63Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland.
- 64Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universario LaPaz, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universario LaPaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- 65Center for Vascular Prevention, Center for Vascular Prevention, Krems, Austria.
- 66Diabetes Research Group, Diabetes Research Group, Saudi Arabia.
- 67Department of Experimental Genetics, Department of Experimental Genetics, Doha, Qatar.
- 68MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
- 69Medical Genetics, Medical Genetics, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- 70Department of Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- 71Department of Genetics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- 72Genomics Coordination Center, Genomics Coordination Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
- 73Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- 74Department of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- 75Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- 76Department of Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- 77Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- 78Department of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- 79Department of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- 80Department of Biology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
- 81Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- 82Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Headington, Oxford, UK.
- 83Department of Public Health, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland.
- 84Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
- 85Department of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Netherlands
- Corresponding authors Professor Jonathan Marchini
marchini{at}stats.ox.ac.uk Professor Goncalo Abecasis
goncalo{at}umich.edu Professor Richard Durbin
rd{at}sanger.ac.uk