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- December 11, 2015.
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Author Information
- Bjarke Feenstra1*,
- Alana Cavadino2,3*,
- Jessica Tyrrell4,5*,
- George McMahon6,
- Michael Nodzenski7,
- Momoko Horikoshi8,9,
- Frank Geller1,
- Ronny Myhre10,
- Rebecca C. Richmond6,11,12,
- Lavinia Paternoster11,
- Jonathan P. Bradfield13,
- Eskil Kreiner-Møller14,
- Ville Huikari15,
- Sarah Metrustry16,
- Kathryn L. Lunetta17,18,
- Jodie N. Painter19,
- Jouke-Jan Hottenga20,21,
- Catherine Allard22,23,
- Sheila J. Barton24,
- Ana Espinosa25,26,27,
- Julie A. Marsh28,
- Catherine Potter29,
- Wei Ang28,
- Diane J. Berry3,
- Luigi Bouchard23,30,31,
- Shikta Das32,
- Hakon Hakonarson13,33,34,
- Jani Heikkinen35,
- Berthold Hocher36,37,
- Albert Hofman38,
- Hazel M. Inskip24,
- Manolis Kogevinas25,26,27,
- Penelope A. Lind19,
- Letizia Marullo39,
- Sarah E. Medland19,
- Jeffrey C. Murray40,
- Ellen A. Nohr41,
- Christoph Reichetzeder37,42,
- Susan M. Ring6,11,
- Loreto Santa-Marina26,43,44,
- Denise M. Scholtens7,
- Sylvain Sebert15,45,
- Verena Sengpiel46,
- Meike Bartels20,21,
- Caroline L. Relton11,29,
- Craig E. Pennell28,
- Leda Chatzi47,
- Xavier Estivill25,26,48,
- John W. Holloway49,
- Dorret I. Boomsma20,21,
- Grant W. Montgomery19,
- Joanne M. Murabito18,50,
- Tim D. Spector16,
- Christine Power3,
- Marjo-Ritta Järvelin15,45,51,52,53,
- Hans Bisgaard14,
- Struan F.A. Grant13,33,34,
- Thorkild I.A. Sørensen11,54,55,
- Vincent W. Jaddoe12,38,56,
- Bo Jacobsson10,46,
- Mads Melbye1,57,
- Mark I. McCarthy8,9,58,
- Andrew T. Hattersley4,
- M. Geoffrey Hayes59,
- David M. Evans6,11,60,
- Marie-France Hivert61,62,63,
- Janine F. Felix12,38,56,
- Elina Hyppönen3,64,65,
- William L. Lowe Jr.59,
- Debbie A. Lawlor6,11^⇑,
- Timothy M. Frayling4^⇑,
- Rachel M. Freathy4,11^⇑,
- for the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium
- 1Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 2Centre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London
- 3Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
- 4Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
- 5European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, The Knowledge Spa, Truro, TR1 3HD
- 6School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
- 7Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- 8Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK, OX3 7LJ.
- 9Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- 10Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- 11Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, UK
- 12The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- 13Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- 14Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen & Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen; Denmark
- 15Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- 16Department of Twin Research, King’s College London, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK.
- 17Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA, USA
- 18Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- 19QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Herston, Qld 4029, Australia
- 20EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 21Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- 22Department of Mathematics, Universite de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- 23Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- 24Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- 25Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- 26CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- 27IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- 28School of Women’s and Infants’ Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- 29Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- 30ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
- 31Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- 32Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London.
- 33Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- 34Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- 35FIMM Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki University, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- 36the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- 37Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Germany
- 38Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- 39Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- 40Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- 41Research Unit of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- 42Center for Cardiovascular Research / Charité, Berlin, Germany
- 43Subdirección de Salud Pública y Adicciones de Gipuzkoa, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- 44Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria BIODONOSTIA, Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
- 45Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical Research Council-Health Protection Agency Centre for Environment and Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
- 46Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- 47Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
- 48Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- 49Human Development & Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- 50Boston University School of Medicine Department of Medicine, Section of General Internal Medicine
- 51Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- 52Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, P.O.Box 20, FI-90220 Oulu, 90029 OYS, Finland
- 53Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Aapistie 1, Box 310, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland
- 54Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg University Hospital, Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 55Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- 56Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O.Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- 57Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- 58Oxford National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- 59Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- 60University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- 61Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- 62Diabetes Center, Massachussetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- 63Department of Medicine, Universite de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- 64School of Population Health and Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- 65South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Corresponding authors:
Dr. Rachel M. Freathy University of Exeter Medical School Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Barrack Road Exeter, UK Tel: +44 (0)1392 408238 Email: r.freathy{at}ex.ac.uk Prof. Timothy M. Frayling University of Exeter Medical School Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital Barrack Road Exeter, UK Tel: +44 (0)1392 408256 Email: t.m.frayling{at}ex.ac.uk Prof. Debbie A. Lawlor MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol Oakfield House, Oakfield Road, Bristol, UK Tel: +44 (0)117 3310096 Email: d.a.lawlor{at}bristol.ac.uk