Article Information
History
- April 5, 2014.
Article Versions
- Version 1 (December 23, 2013 - 07:59).
- Version 2 (April 2, 2014 - 07:21).
- Version 3 (April 2, 2014 - 14:24).
- You are viewing Version 4, the most recent version of this article.
Copyright
The copyright holder for this preprint is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Author Information
- Iosif Lazaridis1,2,
- Nick Patterson2,
- Alissa Mittnik3,
- Gabriel Renaud4,
- Swapan Mallick1,2,
- Karola Kirsanow5,
- Peter H. Sudmant6,
- Joshua G. Schraiber7,
- Sergi Castellano4,
- Mark Lipson8,
- Bonnie Berger2,8,
- Christos Economou9,
- Ruth Bollongino5,
- Qiaomei Fu1,4,10,
- Kirsten I. Bos3,
- Susanne Nordenfelt1,2,
- Heng Li1,2,
- Cesare de Filippo4,
- Kay Prüfer4,
- Susanna Sawyer4,
- Cosimo Posth3,
- Wolfgang Haak11,
- Fredrik Hallgren12,
- Elin Fornander12,
- Nadin Rohland1,2,
- Dominique Delsate13,14,
- Michael Francken15,
- Jean-Michel Guinet13,
- Joachim Wahl16,
- George Ayodo17,
- Hamza A. Babiker18,19,
- Graciela Bailliet20,
- Elena Balanovska21,
- Oleg Balanovsky21,22,
- Ramiro Barrantes23,
- Gabriel Bedoya24,
- Haim Ben-Ami25,
- Judit Bene26,
- Fouad Berrada27,
- Claudio M. Bravi20,
- Francesca Brisighelli28,
- George Busby29,30,
- Francesco Cali31,
- Mikhail Churnosov32,
- David E. C. Cole33,
- Daniel Corach34,
- Larissa Damba35,
- George van Driem36,
- Stanislav Dryomov37,
- Jean-Michel Dugoujon38,
- Sardana A. Fedorova39,
- Irene Gallego Romero40,
- Marina Gubina35,
- Michael Hammer41,
- Brenna Henn42,
- Tor Hervig43,
- Ugur Hodoglugil44,
- Aashish R. Jha40,
- Sena Karachanak-Yankova45,
- Rita Khusainova46,47,
- Elza Khusnutdinova46,47,
- Rick Kittles48,
- Toomas Kivisild49,
- William Klitz50,
- Vaidutis Kučinskas51,
- Alena Kushniarevich52,
- Leila Laredj53,
- Sergey Litvinov46,47,52,
- Theologos Loukidis54,
- Robert W. Mahley55,
- Béla Melegh26,
- Ene Metspalu56,
- Julio Molina57,
- Joanna Mountain58,
- Klemetti Näkkäläjärvi59,
- Desislava Nesheva45,
- Thomas Nyambo60,
- Ludmila Osipova35,
- Jüri Parik56,
- Fedor Platonov61,
- Olga Posukh35,
- Valentino Romano62,
- Francisco Rothhammer63,64,65,
- Igor Rudan66,
- Ruslan Ruizbakiev67,
- Hovhannes Sahakyan52,68,
- Antti Sajantila69,70,
- Antonio Salas71,
- Elena B. Starikovskaya37,
- Ayele Tarekegn72,
- Draga Toncheva45,
- Shahlo Turdikulova73,
- Ingrida Uktveryte51,
- Olga Utevska74,
- René Vasquez75,
- Mercedes Villena75,
- Mikhail Voevoda35,76,
- Cheryl Winkler77,
- Levon Yepiskoposyan68,
- Pierre Zalloua78,79,
- Tatijana Zemunik80,
- Alan Cooper11,
- Cristian Capelli29,
- Mark G. Thomas81,
- Andres Ruiz-Linares81,
- Sarah A. Tishkoff82,
- Lalji Singh83,84,
- Kumarasamy Thangaraj83,
- Richard Villems52,56,85,
- David Comas86,
- Rem Sukernik37,
- Mait Metspalu52,
- Matthias Meyer4,
- Evan E. Eichler6,87,
- Joachim Burger5,
- Montgomery Slatkin7,
- Svante Pääbo4,
- Janet Kelso4,
- David Reich1,2,88† and
- Johannes Krause3,89†
- 1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- 2Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- 3Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72074, Germany
- 4Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- 5Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Anthropology, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
- 6Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- 7Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3140, USA
- 8Department of Mathematics and Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- 9Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, 114 18, Sweden
- 10Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, IVPP, CAS, Beijing, 100049, China
- 11Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, SA 5005, Australia
- 12The Cultural Heritage Foundation, Västerås, 722 12, Sweden
- 13National Museum of Natural History, L-2160, Luxembourg
- 14National Center of Archaeological Research, National Museum of History and Art, L-2345, Luxembourg
- 15Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, D-72070, Germany
- 16State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, Osteology, Konstanz, D-78467, Germany
- 17Center for Global Health and Child Development, Kisumu, 40100, Kenya
- 18Institutes of Evolution, Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JT, UK
- 19Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Alkhod, Muscat, 123, Oman
- 20Laboratorio de Genética Molecular Poblacional, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular (IMBICE), CCT-CONICET & CICPBA, La Plata, B1906APO, Argentina
- 21Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115478, Russia
- 22Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- 23Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 2060, Costa Rica
- 24Institute of Biology, Research group GENMOL, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- 25Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, 31096, Israel
- 26Department of Medical Genetics and Szentagothai Research Center, University of Pécs, Pécs, H-7624 Hungary
- 27Al Akhawayn University in Ifrane (AUI), School of Science and Engineering, Ifrane, 53000, Morocco
- 28Forensic Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, 00168, Italy
- 29Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
- 30Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- 31Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina, 94018, Italy
- 32Belgorod State University, Belgorod, 308015, Russia
- 33Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L5, Canada
- 34Servicio de Huellas Digitales Genéticas, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1113 CABA, Argentina
- 35Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- 36Institute of Linguistics, University of Bern, Bern, CH-3012, Switzerland
- 37Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- 38Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, 31000, France
- 39Yakut Research Center of Complex Medical Problems and North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia
- 40Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- 41ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- 42Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- 43Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- 44NextBio, part of Illumina, Santa Clara, CA, USA 95050
- 45Dept. of Medical Genetics, National Human Genome Center, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, 1431, Bulgaria
- 46Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia
- 47Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia
- 48College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- 49Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1QH
- 50School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- 51Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, LT-08661, Lithuania
- 52Estonian Biocentre, Evolutionary Biology group, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- 53Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, 67404, France
- 54Currently employed by AMGEN; 33 Kazantzaki Str, Ilioupolis 16342, Athens, Greece
- 55Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- 56Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- 57Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
- 58Research Department, 23andMe, Inc. Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA
- 59Cultural Anthropology Program, University of Oulu, Oulu, 90014, Finland
- 60Department of Biochemistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- 61Research Institute of Health, North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia
- 62Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università di Palermo, Palermo, 90128, Italy
- 63Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
- 64Programa de Genética Humana ICBM Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- 65Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto, Arica, Chile
- 66Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9AG, UK
- 67Deceased: formerly of the Institute of Immunology, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 70000, Uzbekistan
- 68Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia
- 69Department of Forensic Medicine, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- 70Institute of Applied Genetics, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA
- 71Unidade de Xenética, Departamento de Anatomía Patolóxica e Ciencias Forenses, and Instituto de Ciencias Forenses, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica (GMX), Facultade de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Galcia, 15872, Spain
- 72Research Fellow, Henry Stewart Group, Russell House, London WC1A 2HN, UK
- 73Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Academy of Sciences Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan
- 74Department of Genetics and Cytology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61077, Ukraine
- 75Instituto Boliviano de Biología de la Altura, Universidad Autonoma Tomás Frías, Potosí, Bolivia
- 76Inst. of Internal Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Acad. of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630089, Russia
- 77Molecular Genetics Epidemiology Section, Frederick Natoinal Lab for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- 78Lebanese American University, School of Medicine, Beirut, 13-5053, Lebanon
- 79Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, 02115, USA
- 80Department of Medical Biology, University of Split, School of Medicine, Split, 21000, Croatia
- 81Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- 82Department of Biology and Genetics. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
- 83CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- 84Present address: Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221 005, India
- 85Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia
- 86Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
- 87Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA 98195
- 88Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- 89Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, 72070, Germany