Abstract
We consider the problem of interpreting negative maximum likelihood estimates of heritability that sometimes arise from popular statistical models of additive genetic variation. These may result from random noise acting on estimates of genuinely positive heritability, but we argue that they may also arise from misspecification of the standard additive mechanism that is supposed to justify the statistical procedure. Researchers should be open to the possibility that negative heritability estimates could reflect a real physical feature of the biological process from which the data were sampled.
Footnotes
DS supported by Grant ES/N011856/1 from the UK Economic and Social Research Council. AD supported by Grant 1U01HG009080-01 from the U.S. National Institute of Health. KWW supported by Grant 5P30AG012839 from the U.S. National Institute on Aging.