Abstract
Parasites counteract host immunity by suppressing helper NLR proteins that function as central nodes in immune receptor networks. Understanding the mechanisms of immunosuppression can lead to strategies for bioengineering disease resistance. Here, we show that a cyst nematode virulence effector binds and inhibits oligomerization of the helper NLR protein NRC2 by physically preventing intramolecular rearrangements required for activation. A single amino acid polymorphism at the binding interface between NRC2 and the inhibitor is sufficient for this helper NLR to evade immune suppression, thereby restoring the activity of multiple disease resistance genes. This points to a novel strategy for resurrecting disease resistance in crop genomes.
One sentence summary A helper NLR is mutated to evade inhibition by a parasite effector.
Competing Interest Statement
C.D., T.O.B and S.K. receive funding from industry on NLR biology. M.P.C., S.K. and L.D. have filed patents on NLR biology.
Footnotes
-Abbas Maqbool has been included as a co-author. -Figure 3 has been replaced to amend a cosmetic error in panel A. -Two references have been updated, Ahn et al. and Contreras et al. as they are no longer in press and have now been formally published.